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• Country: Kenya
• Date: 2018-01-16

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENT’S DELINQUENCY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN DAGORETTI SUB-COUNTY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The juvenile delinquency has been in existence globally for centuries. In 1500 community a crime a child was convicted as an adult. This remained till around 1800 when the beginning of the movement “child saving movement” which focused on reforming juveniles.
In 1900 juvenile court was established in Illinois. It took care of children under 16 yrs. who violated the law. In late 1900 the Supreme Court decided juveniles should have the right to due process of having some rights as that of adults.
Many theories have been proposed to try and explain the cause of delinquency behavior. One of the theories, “rational also classical “(choice theory) from Cesare Beccaria (1738-1394) and Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). They proposed that crime is a voluntary choice or a free will to commit by making a choice since it’s a free will it could be stopped through punishment.
The routine activity, theory by Lawrence Colen and Marcus Felson (1979) links delinquency to social changes that increase the opportunities for crime and emphasize the role the victim’s lifestyle and behavior have in the crime process. The routine activity theory emphasizes on how the routine affects the wellbeing of a young person and likely to affect their learning which eventually would lead to low achievement in school.
The strain theory by Robert agnew (1992) extended the mertons theory and identified the sources of strain. The strain caused by failure to achieve positively valued goals. This is especially evident in school setting where are performs below expected.
The strain caused by the removal of positively valued stimuli; a good example is one being transferred to a new school or friend leaving to a new school. Also could happen when a motivator is removed like a teacher being changed. This could affect the achievement hence delinquency could come to live.
A strain due to presentation of negative stimuli like school failure, conflict and also criminal victimization. The theory helps explain how stressful incidents and sources of strain in the life course influence patterns of offending.
(paternoster and mazerolle 1994) brought out through the research of strain theory indicator that contribute to delinquency e.g. moving feelings of dissatisfaction with learning environment failure to performance as cause .
Delinquency according to Rochelle Bonello is a form of ant – social behavior whereby most of the time ones does not conform with social norms and values although not illegal.
Elam, rose and gallup (1993) suggests that students are victims and also perpetrators of misconducts in schools of which directly or indirectly affect their achievement.
According to English dictionary a juvenile is a young person (usually 16 or 18 yrs.) that can bring him to the attention of the court. According to ben yanusa (1998) a delinquent act is any behavior that does not get approval from adult members of a society. Several incidents of delinquency in schools have been experienced .good examples is involvement in drug abuse , aggressiveness towards teachers , harassing of other students especially female students , truancy , absenteeism , school fights and sneaking out of school. These behaviors are directed to both teachers and students.
Most of this delinquency behaviors result in expulsion or even verbal warnings. All these in one way or the other affects the wellbeing of students and their achievement in school work.
This drives the researcher in choosing to study “an investigation of a student’s delinquency on academic achievement”.

1.2 Research Problem
The main reason why most learners in school is to learn and achieve academically. Academic achievement has been viewed as the key to successful by many citizens in Kenya. All secondary learning institutions has set rules and regulation to try and curb misbehavior and also set standards by which leaners are expected to follow and play within.
Over time delinquency has been linked to poor school performance, hence students and achieving below expectation. Most of delinquencies behaviors rampant in schools are drug use, aggression absenteeism gambling and sneaking out of school. Although not all acts of delinquency results to poor leaners achievement but delinquency in its part determines to what extent a leaner is to attain at the end of learning experience.
Delinquency behavior determines the teaching and learning in a classroom setting pressure from the society which expects leaners to attain good grades and also expectation from teachers , parents and fellow learners that every leaner should behave accordingly to set guidelines and rules makes this study a priority.
Learners who have engaged in delinquent behaviors have been expelled,suspended,flogged and even branded as indisciplined.This has increased students inability to cope and most cases performed poorly . When subjected to harsh disciplinary measures like expulsion and suspension a leaner may lose and catching up from where other are can appear a challenge.
This trend of increase in delinquency behavior and their direct effect to students’ academic achievement has led to the research topic to investigate the influence of student’s delinquency on academic achievement.

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The purpose of this study is to investigate thon academic achievement in Dagoretti sub-county secondary schools in Nairobi County. The focus of the research is based on the following objectives;
i. To find out the effect of drug use on academic achievement in Kenyan secondary schools.
ii. To check to what extent academic achievement is influenced by student’s absenteeism.
iii. To find out the effects of sport betting among students on academic achievement in Kenyan secondary schools.
iv. To find workable measures to minimizing the student’s delinquency behavior in secondary schools to aid good academic achievement

1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions are specifically derived from the research problem presented above;
i. Is there a difference between the delinquency between boys and girls?
ii. What is the difference in performance between delinquent and non-delinquent leaners in regard to their performance?
iii. What is the relationship between boys and girls delinquency and their academic achievement?
iv. What is the influence of delinquency in students to their academic?

1.5 Hypothesis
The following null hypothesis is formulated for test;
i. There is no significant difference between a student’s academic achievement and delinquency.
ii. There is no difference between boys and girls delinquency in regard to their academic achievement.
iii. There is no significant difference academic achievement of delinquent and non-delinquent students.
1.6 significance of the study
The study is justified due to increase of delinquent behaviors and the need to solve them and after solutions to teachers, society and leaners. It also offers in depth understanding on how to deal with academic achievement of students in secondary schools.
Everyday new delinquent behaviors are coming up and solutions are needed by teachers to help learners achieve their academic expectation.
The study will also work as a reference for future researchers wishing to study on the topic.
Through this study students will learn practical ways to achieve academically and how to cope with delinquent behaviors.
1.7 Delimitations and limitations of the study
The study, an investigation of the influence of student’s delinquency on academic achievement is done on secondary students in Dagoretti sub-county in Nairobi County. The study is limited public and private secondary schools in Dagoretti sub-county.