日本の中古車を世界に輸出するサイト

• 国: Uganda
• 日付: 2017-06-23

Car from Japan
It is not easy to write one thousand words on a topic of this nature. But allow me to appreciate the Japanese car industry that has helped our people in Uganda to have affordable and easy means of transport. Japanese cars are good, reliable, comfortable and durable.
In my submission I am going to discuss the nature of a car.
A car, is any self-propelled vehicle with more than two wheels and a passenger compartment, capable of being steered by the operator for use on roads.
Cars through the years since they originated in the late 1800s, have changed and developed in response to consumer wishes, economic conditions and advancing technology.
With consumers of different categories and life style in mind, cars were designed to be convenient, reliable, and relatively inexpensive.
The primary components of a car are the power plant, the power transmission, the running gear, and the control system. These constitute the chassis, on which the body is mounted. The power plant includes the engine and its fuel, the carburettor, ignition, lubrication, and cooling systems, and the starter motor.
HOW CAR ENGINES WORK .
An engine cannot function unless it is well lubricated with oil. This is circulated under pressure from a pump that draws lubricant from a reservoir contained within the sump at the base of the engine. It is delivered under pressure to the main crankshaft bearings from a gallery located in the side of the block, and to the appropriately named big-ends of the connecting rods via holes drilled in the shaft. Oil reaches the bores by splash although it is pumped to the camshaft and valve gear.
Cars are powered and controlled by a complicated interrelationship between several systems. The car’s major systems are the power plant, the power train, the running gear, and the control system. Each of these major categories includes a number of subsystems. The power plant includes the engine, fuel, electrical, exhaust, lubrication, and coolant subsystems. The power train includes the transmission and drive systems, including the clutch, differential, and drive shaft. Suspension, shock-absorbers, wheels, and tyres are all part of the running gear, or support system. Steering and brake systems are the major components of the control system, by which the driver directs the car. .
On most front- and rear-drive cars the gearbox is attached directly to the engine. To facilitate gear changing, the drive passes through a clutch that must be briefly disengaged by the driver. This detaches the component’s pressure plate from the driven one.
The gearbox usually incorporates four or five forward speeds and reverse. It consists, in essence, of three lines of gear clusters, all of which are in constant engagement. There is a short first-motion shaft, connected to an output shaft, that meshes with an offset layshaft. The changes are effected by sliding dog clutches positioned on the combined first-motion/output shaft. This also incorporates synchromesh cones, which facilitate silent gear changes.
Most cars use disc brakes on their front wheels; these are fitted on front and back wheels on more expensive models. All cars feature a hand or parking brake that operates on the vehicle’s rear brake shoes or discs.
Development of car industry.
The motor car first appeared in Germany in 1885 when Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler, each working independently of the other, produced self-propelled vehicles powered by rear-mounted, petrol-fuelled single-cylinder engines. These were based on the stationary gas engine that used the four-stroke principle.
The replicas of the originals that each engineer produced gave birth to the world’s motor industry, although in 1896, France and not Germany became the world’s largest manufacturer of motor vehicles. In 1891 a French engineer, Emile Levassor, transferred the engine of the Panhard et Levassor car from its established rear location to the front of the vehicle, from where it drove the rear wheels via a clutch and in-line gearbox. Named Systeme Panhard, it rapidly overtook the original layout in popularity and survives, in essence, on large-capacity cars.
The progressive Gottlieb Daimler soon produced, in 1893, a vertical two-cylinder in-line engine and Benz followed, in 1897, with a horizontally opposed twin in which the cylinders were in the same plane as the crankshaft. Panhard had introduced the in-line four in 1896 and this configuration soon outstripped all other types in popularity, most notably in the Henry Ford Model T, built between 1908 and 1927.
Over 15 million of these Fords were produced and their success helped America to consolidate its position, attained in 1906, as the world’s largest manufacturer of motor cars. The United States dominated the industry until 1980, when it was overtaken by Japan.
In recent years environmental considerations and growing concern over traffic pollution have had a profound effect on car design. The United States introduced the first regulations on noxious car emissions in 1967; the California Clean Air Act requires that, by 2003, 10 per cent of all new cars sold in that state must have zero exhaust emissions. However, as these restrictions become more rigorous, their effects on the power and efficiency of car engines grow more adverse. Noxious emissions include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and particulates. In 1986 the Japanese Toyota company introduced the more efficient multivalve twin overhead camshaft engine, a unit more usually associated with high-performance models. This concept has now been widely adopted by the world’s motor industries.
Although cars have become faster, current models are safer than many of those manufactured in previous decades. Modern cars incorporate beams at their front and rear, which crumple progressively in order to absorb energy, while having a strong central cell to protect occupants in the event of a crash.
Braking has greatly improved in recent years and most systems feature servo assistance. This harnesses the vacuum produced by the engine to actuate the brakes, so that the driver does not need to apply an excessive amount of pressure to the pedal.
A further refinement is an automatic braking system. This sophisticated anti-locking device operates in conjunction with the vehicle’s engine management unit, and was initially used on expensive cars to prevent skidding. All this credit goes to the Japanese car industry.